NEW YORK (Reuters) – People with diabetes may be more likely to also develop Parkinson's disease - and this seems particularly true for younger patients, a new study suggests.
The findings, published online by the journal Diabetes Care, add to evidence linking diabetes and Parkinson's. One recent report said that U.S. adults with diabetes had a slightly higher risk of developing Parkinson's over a 15-year period, compared to nondiabetics.
Neither study, however, proves that diabetes itself causes Parkinson's.
Instead, researchers think it's more likely that the two disorders share some common underlying causes.
The new findings are from Denmark, where researchers compared close to 2,000 adults with Parkinson's disease and nearly 10,000 people the same age but without the disease (the "control" group).
Overall, 6.5 percent of the Parkinson's patients had diabetes for at least 2 years before they were diagnosed with the movement disorder. By comparison, just 5 percent of people in the control group had diabetes for at least 2 years.
Overall, the study found, having diabetes was linked to a roughly one-third higher risk of developing Parkinson's. That was after the researchers accounted for participants' age and sex, and any diagnoses of emphysema - which was considered a proxy for heavy smoking. (Studies have found cigarette smokers to be at lower risk of Parkinson's, for reasons that are not clear.)
In particular, diabetes was related to a higher risk of developing Parkinson's before the age of 60 -- which is about the average age at diagnosis.
Exactly what the findings mean is unclear, according to the researchers, who were led by Dr. Eva Schernhammer of Harvard Medical School in Boston.
But they say that for now, the "most plausible" explanation would be that diabetes and Parkinson's have some of the same biological underpinnings.
One possibility is continuous low-level inflammation throughout the body, which is suspected of contributing to a number of chronic diseases by damaging cells. There might also be a common genetic susceptibility.
However, even if people with diabetes have a relatively bigger risk of Parkinson's, that does not mean it is a high risk. For example, the recent U.S. study that tracked patients for 15 years involved nearly 289,000 older adults. The proportion of people who eventually developed Parkinson's disease was 0.8 percent among diabetics and 0.5 percent among nondiabetics - less than 1 percent in either case.
The researchers on that study said that people with diabetes should simply continue to do the things already recommended for their overall health -- eating a well-balanced diet and getting regular exercise.
More studies are needed, they said, to understand why diabetes is related to a higher Parkinson's risk, and what, if anything, can be done about it.
Diabetes arises when the body can no longer properly use the blood-sugar-regulating hormone insulin. Parkinson's occurs when movement-regulating cells in the brain die off or become disabled, leading to symptoms like tremors, rigidity in the joints, slowed movement and balance problems.
Researchers say it's possible that something about diabetes -- like a problem regulating insulin -- might somehow contribute to Parkinson's. But that remains unproven.
SOURCE: http://bit.ly/fWbB3u Diabetes Care, online March 16, 2011.
Showing posts with label difficulty walking and exercise. Show all posts
Showing posts with label difficulty walking and exercise. Show all posts
Thursday, September 15, 2011
Monday, January 24, 2011
How Can I Protect My Child From Gym-Class Injuries?
Q: I just read about a new study showing that injuries in kids' physical education classes have increased by 150 percent since 1997. Now I'm worried. What are the most common types of gym-class injuries, and what can be done to help kids avoid them? How can I work with my child at home to help him prevent injuries or strain in gym class? What types of PE activities pose the greatest risk of injury to my child, and how do I, as a parent, find out about the qualifications of my child's gym teacher?
A: The study you're referring to, which was recently published in Pediatrics, a journal of The American Academy of Pediatrics, highlights that strains, sprains, and contact injuries are indeed happening in physical education classes and on school sports teams in increasing numbers each year. A variety of factors contributes to this kids' health risk, many of which can be prevented.
To start, it's important to be aware of the types of activities your child is participating in; a lot of kids get overuse injuries from engaging in physical activities that work the same groups of muscles and joints each day. Just like adults, kids need variety in the types of exercises they do. Children should not be doing the same activity every single day — they need at least one day off per week. On their day off they could do a “cross-training” activity that works different joints or muscles. This helps them develop balanced muscle strength to help prevent injuries, which is particularly true for activities like throwing a baseball.
To avoid exacerbating strained muscles and putting stress on bones, tendons, and ligaments, listen to your child if he or she complains of muscle or joint soreness or pain. Rest is a good place to start with most exercise-related injuries, especially in a growing body. As noted above, different types of activities can help avoid repetitive injury to the same joints, bones, and muscles. You can also work with your child at home on strength-training and endurance exercises, and make sure they're eating a healthy diet to support their growing bones and joints.
Some children, especially girls, may have “loose ligaments." These children are often described as very flexible and can hyperextend their arms and legs. Loose joints are at increased risk for strains and sprains. Strengthening muscle groups around the joint can act like a brace for the joint and help prevent injury. If your child has ever had a sprain, he or she is at risk for recurrence. You should talk with your pediatrician about specific exercises that your child can do to help strengthen the joint. Sometimes bracing of an ankle or knee can help give stability to avoid future injury. Appropriate and properly fitting shoes can also help decrease injuries such as shin splints and plantar fasciitis.
Exercise is especially important for children who are overweight, but be aware that being overweight puts increased stress on a child's joints, so you'll need to make sure they don't overstress their joints. In general staying slim can help decrease pressure on knees, hips, and back.
It is incredibly important that children engaging in contact sports or sports that require helmets like biking have properly fitted equipment. Another important aspect of injury prevention is to make sure your child isn't being pushed too hard in gym class or on a sports team. Today, some kids are participating in an unbelievable amount of physical activity. Sports are only getting more competitive. And some activities can create a lot of psychological issues. In wrestling and gymnastics, for instance, restrictive weight requirements can put a lot of pressure on kids. So check in with your child regularly to make sure he's not being pushed past his limits.
As for the qualifications of your child's coach or gym teacher, you're certain to run into some inconsistencies here. As schools try to initiate more physical education programs — without additional funding — it's not uncommon to find that a math or science teacher is leading a sports team, rather than a well-trained physical education instructor. For gym class, this may be less of a risk when it comes to injury, but for any intense sport that your child will be participating in regularly, you'll want to make sure the instructor has been trained specifically in that activity.
A: The study you're referring to, which was recently published in Pediatrics, a journal of The American Academy of Pediatrics, highlights that strains, sprains, and contact injuries are indeed happening in physical education classes and on school sports teams in increasing numbers each year. A variety of factors contributes to this kids' health risk, many of which can be prevented.
To start, it's important to be aware of the types of activities your child is participating in; a lot of kids get overuse injuries from engaging in physical activities that work the same groups of muscles and joints each day. Just like adults, kids need variety in the types of exercises they do. Children should not be doing the same activity every single day — they need at least one day off per week. On their day off they could do a “cross-training” activity that works different joints or muscles. This helps them develop balanced muscle strength to help prevent injuries, which is particularly true for activities like throwing a baseball.
To avoid exacerbating strained muscles and putting stress on bones, tendons, and ligaments, listen to your child if he or she complains of muscle or joint soreness or pain. Rest is a good place to start with most exercise-related injuries, especially in a growing body. As noted above, different types of activities can help avoid repetitive injury to the same joints, bones, and muscles. You can also work with your child at home on strength-training and endurance exercises, and make sure they're eating a healthy diet to support their growing bones and joints.
Some children, especially girls, may have “loose ligaments." These children are often described as very flexible and can hyperextend their arms and legs. Loose joints are at increased risk for strains and sprains. Strengthening muscle groups around the joint can act like a brace for the joint and help prevent injury. If your child has ever had a sprain, he or she is at risk for recurrence. You should talk with your pediatrician about specific exercises that your child can do to help strengthen the joint. Sometimes bracing of an ankle or knee can help give stability to avoid future injury. Appropriate and properly fitting shoes can also help decrease injuries such as shin splints and plantar fasciitis.
Exercise is especially important for children who are overweight, but be aware that being overweight puts increased stress on a child's joints, so you'll need to make sure they don't overstress their joints. In general staying slim can help decrease pressure on knees, hips, and back.
It is incredibly important that children engaging in contact sports or sports that require helmets like biking have properly fitted equipment. Another important aspect of injury prevention is to make sure your child isn't being pushed too hard in gym class or on a sports team. Today, some kids are participating in an unbelievable amount of physical activity. Sports are only getting more competitive. And some activities can create a lot of psychological issues. In wrestling and gymnastics, for instance, restrictive weight requirements can put a lot of pressure on kids. So check in with your child regularly to make sure he's not being pushed past his limits.
As for the qualifications of your child's coach or gym teacher, you're certain to run into some inconsistencies here. As schools try to initiate more physical education programs — without additional funding — it's not uncommon to find that a math or science teacher is leading a sports team, rather than a well-trained physical education instructor. For gym class, this may be less of a risk when it comes to injury, but for any intense sport that your child will be participating in regularly, you'll want to make sure the instructor has been trained specifically in that activity.
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